Rangelands in the region have been under grazing since millennia, and plants and animals have adapted to this long-term grazing pressure. A key adaptation of plants to such frequent disturbances are so-called dormant seeds, which can persist in a seed bank for many years and decades. These seed banks enable a plant population to persist in a given area even if there are incidents of overgrazing or extreme drought. Seed banks are also key to the resilience of rangelands to extreme events because they can survive in the seed bank and then germinate in times when rainfall is more plentiful or grazing pressure low. Therefore, grazing may be the best adapted agricultural practice under the current climate crisis. However, with increasing incidents of drought and especially with overgrazing, which leads to erosion of soil and the seeds within the soil, this high resilience potential of rangelands may be lost. Vice-versa, the addition of seeds to areas where rangelands are degraded, may serve as a possible restoration practice. Unfortunately, the specific manner by which such a practice can succeed, and the costs and benefits are unknown. This project aims to fill this knowledge gap by initiating detailed seed bank studies that characterize degraded vs. intact rangelands and that test various means of seed bank addition practices in the field. These experiments are closely coordinated with local stakeholders to test feasibility and acceptance of such measures.